Free CFA Institute CFA-Level-III Exam Questions

Jacques Lepage, CFA, is a portfolio manager for MontBlanc Securities and holds 4 million shares of AirCon inclient portfolios. Lepage issues periodic research reports on AirCon to both discretionary and nondiscretionaryaccounts. In his October investment report, Lepage stated, "In my opinion, AirCon is entering a phase, whichcould put it 'in play' as a takeover target. Nonetheless, this possibility appears to be fully reflected in the marketvalue of the stock."One month has passed since Lepage's October report and AirCon has just announced the firm's executivecompensation packages, which include stock options (50% of which expire in one year), personal use ofcorporate aircraft (which can be used in conjunction with paid vacation days), and a modest base salary thatconstitutes a small proportion of the overall package. While he has not asked, he believes that the directors of MontBlanc will find the compensation excessive and sells the entire position immediately after the news. Unbeknownst to Lepage, three days earlier an announcement was made via Reuters and other financial news services that AirCon had produced record results that were far beyond expectations. Moreover, the firm has established a dominant position in a promising new market that is expected to generate above-average firm growth for the next five years. A few weeks after selling the AirCon holdings, Lepage bought 2.5 million shares of Spectra Vision over a period of four days. The typical trading volume of this security is about 1.3 million shares per day, and his purchases drove the price up 9% over the 4-day period. These trades were designated as appropriate for 13 accounts of differing sizes, including performance-based accounts, charitable trusts, and private accounts. The shares were allocated to the accounts on a pro rata basis at the end of each day at the average price for the day. One of the investment criteria used in evaluating equity holdings is the corporate governance structure of the issuing company. Because Lepage has dealt with this topic extensively, he has been asked to present a talk of corporate governance issues to the firm's portfolio managers and analysts at the next monthly meeting. At the meeting, Lepage makes the following comments: "When evaluating the corporate governance policies of a company, you should begin by assessing the responsibilities of the company's board of directors. In general, the board should have the responsibility to set long-term objectives that are consistent with shareholders' interests. In addition, the board must be responsible for hiring the CEO and setting his or her compensation package such that the CEO's interests are aligned with those of the shareholders. In that way the board can spend its time on matters other than monitoring the CEO. A firm with good corporate governance policies should also have an audit committee made up of independent board members that are experienced in auditing and related legal matters. The audit committee should have full access to the firm's financial statements and the ability to question auditors hired by the committee." According to the CFA Institute Code and Standards, Lepage's ignorance of AirCon's press release to Reuters three days before he sold shares of the company:

Joan Weaver, CFA and Kim McNally, CFA are analysts for Cardinal Fixed Income Management. Cardinalprovides investment advisory services to pension funds, endowments, and other institutions in the U.S. andCanada. Cardinal recommends positions in investment-grade corporate and government bonds.Cardinal has largely advocated the use of passive approaches to bond investments, where the predominantholding consists of an indexed or enhanced indexed bond portfolio. They are exploring, however, the possibilityof using a greater degree of active management to increase excess returns. The analysts have made thefollowing statements.• Weaver: "An advantage of both enhanced indexing by matching primary risk factors and enhanced indexingby minor risk factor mismatching is that there is the potential for excess returns, but the duration of the portfoliois matched with that of the index, thereby limiting the portion of tracking error resulting from interest rate risk."• McNally: "The use of active management by larger risk factor mismatches typically involves large durationmismatches from the index, in an effort to capitalize on interest rate forecasts."As part of their increased emphasis on active bond management, Cardinal has retained the services of aneconomic consultant to provide expectations input on factors such as interest rate levels, interest rate volatility,and credit spreads. During his presentation, the economist states that he believes long-term interest ratesshould fall over the next year, but that short-term rates should gradually increase. Weaver and McNally arecurrently advising an institutional client that wishes to maintain the duration of its bond portfolio at 6.7. In light ofthe economic forecast, they are considering three portfolios that combine the following three bonds in varyingamounts.Weaver and McNally next examine an investment in a semiannual coupon bond newly issued by the ManixCorporation, a firm with a credit rating of AA by Moody's. The specifics of the bond purchase are providedbelow given Weaver's projections. It is Cardinal's policy that bonds be evaluated for purchase on a total returnbasis.One of Cardinal's clients, the Johnson Investment Fund (JIF), has instructed Weaver and McNally torecommend the appropriate debt investment for $125,000,000 in funds. JIF is willing to invest an additional15% of the portfolio using leverage. JIF requires that the portfolio duration not exceed 5.5. Weaverrecommends that JIF invest in bonds with a duration of 5.2. The maximum allowable leverage will be used andthe borrowed funds will have a duration of 0.8. JIF is considering investing in bonds with options and has askedMcNally to provide insight into these investments. McNally makes the following comments:"Due to the increasing sophistication of bond issuers, the amount of bonds with put options is increasing, andthese bonds sell at a discount relative to comparable bullets. Putables are quite attractive when interest ratesrise, but, we should be careful if with them, because valuation models often fail to account for the credit risk ofthe issuer."Another client, Blair Portfolio Managers, has asked Cardinal to provide advice on duration management. Oneyear ago, their portfolio had a market value of $3,010,444 and a dollar duration of $108,000; current figures areprovided below:The expected bond equivalent yield for the Manix Bond, using total return analysis, is closest to:

Dynamic Investment Services (DIS) is a global, full-service investment advisory firm based in the United States. Although the firm provides numerous investment services, DIS specializes in portfolio management for individual and institutional clients and only deals in publicly traded debt, equity, and derivative instruments. Walter Fried, CFA, is a portfolio manager and the director of DIS's offices in Austria. For several years, Fried has maintained a relationship with a local tax consultant. The consultant provides a DIS marketing brochure with Fried's contact information to his clients seeking investment advisory services, and in return. Fried manages the consultant's personal portfolio and informs the consultant of potential tax issues in the referred clients' portfolios as they occur. Because he cannot personally manage all of the inquiring clients' assets, Fried generally passes the client information along to one of his employees but never discloses his relationship with the tax accountant. Fried recently forwarded information on the prospective Jones Family Trust account to Beverly Ulster, CFA, one of his newly hired portfolio managers. Upon receiving the information, Ulster immediately set up a meeting with Terrence Phillips, the trustee of the Jones Family Trust. Ulster began the meeting by explaining DIS's investment services as detailed in the firm's approved marketing and public relations literature. Ulster also had Phillips complete a very detailed questionnaire regarding the risk and return objectives, investment constraints, and other information related to the trust beneficiaries, which Phillips is not. While reading the questionnaire, Ulster learned that Phillips heard about DIS's services through a referral from his tax consultant. Upon further investigation, Ulster discovered the agreement set up between Fried and the tax consultant, which is legal according to Austrian law but was not disclosed by either party Ulster took a break from the meeting to get more details from Fried. With full information on the referral arrangement, Ulster immediately makes full disclosure to the Phillips. Before the meeting with Phillips concluded, Ulster began formalizing the investment policy statement (IPS) for the Jones Family Trust and agreed to Phillips' request that the IPS should explicitly forbid derivative positions in the Trust portfolio. A few hours after meeting with the Jones Family Trust representative, Ulster accepted another new referral client, Steven West, from Fried. Following DIS policy, Ulster met with West to address his investment objectives and constraints and explain the firm's services. During the meeting, Ulster informed West that DIS offers three levels of account status, each with an increasing fee based on the account's asset value. The first level has the lowest account fees but receives oversubscribed domestic IPO allocations only after the other two levels receive IPO allocations. The second-level clients have the same priority as third-level clients with respect to oversubscribed domestic IPO allocations and receive research with significantly greater detail than first-level clients. Clients who subscribe to the third level of DIS services receive the most detailed research reports and are allowed to participate in both domestic and international IPOs. All clients receive research and recommendations at approximately the same lime. West decided to engage DIS's services as a second-level client. While signing the enrollment papers, West told Ulster, "If you can give me the kind of performance I am looking for, I may move the rest of my assets to DIS." When Ulster inquired about the other accounts, West would not specify how much or what type of assets he held in other accounts. West also noted that a portion of the existing assets to be transferred to Ulster's control were private equity investments in small start-up companies, which DIS would need to manage. Ulster assured him that DIS would have no problem managing the private equity investments. After her meeting with West, Ulster attended a weekly strategy session held by DIS. All managers were required to attend this particular meeting since the focus was on a new strategy designed to reduce portfolio volatility while slightly enhancing return using a combination of futures and options on various asset classes. Intrigued by the idea, Ulster implemented the strategy for all of her clients and achieved positive results for all portfolios. Ulster's average performance results after one year of using the new strategy are presented in Figure 1. For comparative purposes, performance figures without the new strategy are also presented.At the latest strategy meeting, DIS economists were extremely pessimistic about emerging market economies and suggested that the firm's portfolio managers consider selling emerging market securities out of their portfolios and avoid these investments for the next 12 to 15 months. Fried placed a limit order to sell his personal holdings of an emerging market fund at a price 5% higher than the market price at the time. He then began selling his clients' (all of whom have discretionary accounts with DIS) holdings of the same emerging market fund using market orders. All of his clients' trade orders were completed just before the price of the fund declined sharply by 13%, causing Fried's order to remain unfilled. Does the referral agreement between Fried and the tax consultant violate any CFA Institute Standards of Professional Conduct?

Pace Insurance is a large, multi-line insurance company that also owns several proprietary mutual funds. Thefunds are managed individually, but Pace has an investment committee that oversees all of the funds. Thiscommittee is responsible for evaluating the performance of the funds relative to appropriate benchmarks andrelative to the stated investment objectives of each individual fund. During a recent investment committeemeeting, the poor performance of Pace's equity mutual funds was discussed. In particular, the inability of theportfolio managers to outperform their benchmarks was highlighted. The net conclusion of the committee wasto review the performance of the manager responsible for each fund and dismiss those managers whoseperformance had lagged substantially behind the appropriate benchmark.The fund with the worst relative performance is the Pace Mid-Cap Fund, which invests in stocks with acapitalization between S40 billion and $80 billion. A review of the operations of the fund found the following:• The turnover of the fund was almost double that of other similar style mutual funds.• The fund's portfolio manager solicited input from her entire staff prior to making any decision to sell an existingholding.• The beta of the Pace Mid-Cap Fund's portfolio was 60% higher than the beta of other similar style mutualfunds.• No stock is considered for purchase in the Mid-Cap Fund unless the portfolio manager has 15 years offinancial information on that company, plus independent research reports from at least three different analysts.• The portfolio manager refuses to increase her technology sector weighting because of past losses the fundincurred in the sector.• The portfolio manager sold all the fund's energy stocks as the price per barrel of oil rose above $80. Sheexpects oil prices to fall back to the $40 to S50 per barrel range.A committee member made the following two comments:Comment 1: "One reason for the poor recent performance of the Mid-Cap Mutual Fund is that the portfoliolacks recognizable companies. I believe that good companies make good investments."Comment 2: "The portfolio manager of the Mid-Cap Mutual Fund refuses to acknowledge her mistakes. Sheseems to sell stocks that appreciate, but hold stocks that have declined in value."The supervisor of the Mid-Cap Mutual Fund portfolio manager made the following statements:Statement 1: "The portfolio manager of the Mid-Cap Mutual Fund has engaged in quarter-end window dressingto make her portfolio look better to investors. The portfolio manager's action is a behavioral trait known as overreaction."Statement 2: "Each time the portfolio manager of the Mid-Cap Mutual fund trades a stock, she executes thetrade by buying or selling one-third of the position at a time, with the trades spread over three months. Theportfolio manager's action is a behavioral trait known as anchoring."Indicate whether Statement 1 and Statement 2 made by the supervisor are correct.

John Green, CFA, is a sell-side technology analyst at Federal Securities, a large global investment banking andadvisory firm. In many of his recent conversations with executives at the firms he researches, Green has hearddisturbing news. Most of these firms are lowering sales estimates for the coming year. However, the stockprices have been stable despite management's widely disseminated sales warnings. Green is preparing hisquarterly industry analysis and decides to seek further input. He calls Alan Volk, CFA, a close friend who runsthe Initial Public Offering section of the investment banking department of Federal Securities.Volk tells Green he has seen no slowing of demand for technology IPOs. "We've got three new issues due outnext week, and two of them are well oversubscribed." Green knows that Volk's department handled over 200IPOs last year, so he is confident that Volk's opinion is reliable. Green prepares his industry report, which isfavorable. Among other conclusions, the report states that "the future is still bright, based on the fact that 67%of technology IPOs are oversubscribed." Privately, Green recommends to Federal portfolio managers that theybegin selling all existing technology issues, which have "stagnated," and buy the IPOs in their place.After carefully evaluating Federal's largest institutional client's portfolio, Green contacts the client andrecommends selling all of his existing technology stocks and buying two of the upcoming IPOs, similar to therecommendation given to Federal's portfolio managers. Green's research has allowed him to conclude that onlythese two IPOs would be appropriate for this particular client's portfolio. Investing in these IPOs and selling thecurrent technology holdings would, according to Green, "double the returns that your portfolio experienced lastyear."Federal Securities has recently hired Dirks Bentley, a CFA candidate who has passed Level 2 and is currentlypreparing to take the Level 3 CFA® exam, to reorganize Federal's compliance department. Bentley tells Greenthat he may be subject to CFA Institute sanctions due to inappropriate contact between analysts andinvestment bankers within Federal Securities. Bentley has recommended that Green implement a firewall torectify the situation and has outlined the key characteristics for such a system. Bentley's suggestions are asfollows:1. Any communication between the departments of Federal Securities must be channeled through thecompliance department for review and eventual delivery. The firm must create and maintain watch, restricted,and rumor lists to be used in the review of employee trading.2. All beneficial ownership, whether direct or indirect, of recommended securities must be disclosed in writing.3. The firm must increase the level of review or restriction of proprietary trading activities during periods inwhich the firm has knowledge of information that is both material and nonpublic.Bentley has identified two of Green's analysts, neither of whom have non-compete contracts, who are preparingto leave Federal Securities and go into competition. The first employee, James Ybarra, CFA, has agreed totake a position with one of Federal's direct competitors. Ybarra has contacted existing Federal clients using aclient list he created with public records. None of the contacted clients have agreed to move their accounts asYbarra has requested. The second employee, Martha Cliff, CFA, has registered the name Cliff InvestmentConsulting (CIC), which she plans to use for her independent consulting business. For the new businessventure, Cliff has developed and professionally printed marketing literature that compares the new firm'sservices to that of Federal Securities and highlights the significant cost savings that will be realized by switchingto CIC. After she leaves Federal, Cliff plans to target many of the same prospects that Federal Securities istargeting, using an address list she purchased from a third-party vendor. Bentley decides to call a meeting withGreen to discuss his findings.After discussing the departing analysts. Green asks Bentley how to best handle the disclosure of the followingitems: (1) although not currently a board member. Green has served in the past on the board of directors of acompany he researches and expects that he will do so again in the near future; and (2) Green recently inheritedput options on a company for which he has an outstanding buy recommendation. Bentley is contemplating hisresponse to Green.According to Standard 11(A) Material Nonpublic Information, when Green contacted Volk, he: